An Analysis of Dranove’s The Economic Evolution of American Healthcare Essay Example

An Analysis of Dranove’s The Economic Evolution of American Healthcare Essay Example An Analysis of Dranove’s The Economic Evolution of American Healthcare Paper An Analysis of Dranove’s The Economic Evolution of American Healthcare Paper The Economic Evolution of American Health Care: from Marcus Welby to managed care was written by David Dranove. The book, published in 2002, was written to explore the history of health care in America and outline the changes that occurred beginning from the traditional health care practice that Dranove called as â€Å"Marcus Welby medicine† to the more modern managed care, all from the economic perspective. The paper covers a brief summary of the chapters and points made by Dranove and critical analysis with close attention to highlighting the main arguments of Dranove. Among the various points emphasized by Dranove in the book, the paper will discuss three ideas: the importance of trust in the patient-physician relationship, the valuable role of managed care in increasing access to health care services, and the means to ensure that managed care organizations deliver quality health care services and do not take advantage of Brief Summary The first chapter, The Rise of Managed Care, discussed traditional health care as portrayed in a television show Marcus Welby, M.D. The television show became popular in the 1960s and was about Marcus Welby, a primary care physician or PCP. The Marcus Welby medicine placed the physician as â€Å"the center of a medical care system† (p. 7). The physician manages an independent medical clinic, does house calls, make referrals, and make important decisions in the hospital setting. In traditional health care, the physician was instilled the right to make autonomous decisions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After several decades, however, managed care was introduced and the physician was displaced as the policy and decision-maker. Dranove called managed care as â€Å"dispassionate and depersonalized†. The close and personal relationship between the physician and the patient was less prioritized and managed care organizations or MCOs became key policy and decision-makers. At this point, Dranove highlighted the shopping problem. The shopping problem caused a dilemma on the part of individuals who are unsure from where to seek medical care. In traditional health care, patients rely entirely on the decisions, advises, and referrals of the physician,   until managed care stepped in and   the commercialization of health products and services made health care a shopping culture that creates problems for patients, also considered as consumers. In the second and third chapters, The Origins of Managed Care and The Government Steps In respectively, Dranove discussed how managed care began especially the various factors that transformed the traditional health care system to a modern and economic-centered one. Managed care began as an outcome of traditional health care. Managed care organizations or MCOs became the middlemen between physicians and patients, consequently solving the shopping problem and issues concerning costly health care services. MCOs identified the needs of patients and fulfilled the responsibility of selecting health care services for them while promising cut rates to lower cost. The second part of the book talks about the modern health economy, primarily in the 20th century. The 5th, 6th, and 7th chapters of part two introduced very important details that stressed the advantages but most importantly the disadvantages of MCOs and why there is a need to address them. The modern health economy, according to Dranove, may have offered the American people accessible health care services primarily from health insurances, but the problem with managed care is the quality of services being provided by MCOs, the cost that individuals are paying for these services, and the depersonalization of business. The American people have already lost their trust on MCOs. In the remaining chapters of the book, Dranove (2002) discussed some important points about managed care and introduced several ways in order to address the problems and disadvantages of managed care. The Patient-Physician Relationship One of the most important issues that Dranove pointed out was the importance of developing a desirable patient-physician relationship. More than once, Dranove mentioned that the transition from traditional health care to managed care has led to the depersonalization of health care services. Furthermore, the negative side of managed care has caused the American people to lose their trust on the health care system. Most individuals believe that the health of the American people is not the first priority of MCOs. In fact, MCOs have created a new health care system where individuals needed to rely on the decisions of MCOs and simply choose from the goods and services that MCOs have to offer. The argument of Dranove is agreeable but the current health care system, and even the traditional health care system, cannot address trust issues. The Marcus Webley medicine did gained the trust of people. The relationship between the physician and the patient was ideal. The patient goes to a trusted physician and relied on him for advice, referrals, and recommendations. The physician, on the other hand, was hands-on and attentive to the needs of patients. As Dranove described it, the physician was the center of the health care system. The physician is also the center of the patient’s health. Dranove described the relationship between the physician and the patient as something that should be built on trust. Dranove quoted James Coleman, â€Å"in which the risk one takes depends on the performance of another actor† (p. 14). Patient trust also comes in different forms: 1. Trust that providers will act unselfishly, putting patients’ interests above their own; 2. Trust that providers have the technical competence necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment; and 3. Trust that providers can control and coordinate the resources necessary to deliver quality care. Patients entrust their lives to the hands of physicians and the latter should respond to the patients’ trust by providing them the best quality care. According to Dranove, the best advantage of the Marcus Welby medicine is that physicians value the trust that patients give them and provide the best possible quality of health care to them. â€Å"But the great advantage of the traditional health economy was that economics never stood in the way of quality† (p. 84) The problem, however, is the cost of health care services then. Being independent physicians who were in charge of almost everything, the cost of services asked of patients was too high. According to Dranove, from the 1960s until the early 1990s, health care was what Dranove the economy of the United States. The high cost of health care services became the primary source of revenue in the country, but on the contrary, limited access to these services. Health care services should be for all, as is the goal of the US government when it comes to health policies. Expensive health care services mean that not everyone will be able to afford health care. Readings of other books support this idea. The discussion by Brannon Feist (2009) on health care covered the ideas that Dranove discussed and I agree with, that expensive health care means limited access to it. â€Å"The cost of health care prevents many people from receiving proper treatment and care† (p. 59).

California Drought Affected The Farmers

California Drought For about five years, California has experienced above average temperatures and a lack of rain. This lack of rain and snowfall has caused California to become increasingly dry, starting arguments over whose right to water is more important and who needs to be more mindful with their use of water. Farming in California truly began during the goldrush, when water was redirected to land where food was grown for those looking for gold (Siegler, 2015). The farmers that have stayed on†¦ The California Drought Running Water From 2011 to 2014, California got hit with the driest period since 1895 (Ellen, 2015). This drought had concerned many people all over California. As a result, several water drought pictures were posted online, which showed that water in most lakes and rivers had gone half to even two-thirds down. In January 2014, Governor Brown declared the emergency of the drought, which triggered the State Water Resources Control board to set up conservation requirements†¦ make it no coincidence that California produces the most amount of food within all of the American states. With vast quantities of agriculture, comes the necessity for a great abundance of water. Agriculture uses close to 80% of the entire water supply in California (NDRC, 2014). As California continues to extract more and more groundwater as well as export water-demanding crops, the issue is only getting further from a resolution. The current appalling drought in California has been ongoing since 2011†¦ California’s newest Drought Determining when drought develops is a function of drought impacts and water users. Drought is best sought as a period of dry weather, and extended shortage of water, especially a long one that is injurious to crops. This is a dangerous hydrologic condition that not only concerns water users in the affected area but also in some other locations some water users exempt but not all the way safe. Drought is a abnormal circumstance if it is insistent. Drought is a gradual emergency†¦ The California Drought The California drought has affected many things and many people in a lot of different ways. So many ways that it took a while for me to figure out about whom I was going to write. One group that caught my attention and has been affected greatly by this drought is golfers and golf courses. I have decided to interview both my grandpa and uncle who play golf almost everyday and are a member of one of the most profound country clubs in California. Water districts throughout†¦ Are we coping with the current drought in California or are we just postponing the inevitable shortage of water? Californians need to be quick because if scientists are right, the harshness of the current drought is second only to that of the dust bowl. Some agencies have been created to find possible results to the water shortfall, the government has been manipulated to discover solutions to the problem as well as requesting that people conserve water. This could be the beginning of California’s†¦ high-level plan to engage stakeholders to mitigate the issue of global almond production has on California’s water drought. Hence, I discussed with him and let him know to change his overall focus of his reflection paper. However, I made a modification to my answer in part 1 from reading Kota’s reflection by adding a specific example for the government regulation of taxation for farmers when using excessive water. In contrast, after reading Jihong Yang’s reflection paper, I found several interesting†¦ Daniel - Section #119. Water Management and the Drought in California Water management has been a problem in California’s history since the first settlers moved to California. With most of the water located in the north and eastern parts and most of the population in the southern, desert part of the state, problems were guaranteed to occur. However, in the past five years, a drought has plagued most of the western United States and especially, California. An especially strong La Nià ±a coupled with low†¦ then you may have heard that the State of California has declared a drought of emergency on January 14, 2014. One of the main reasons that California declared a drought emergency is because of the climate change due to global warming. Living in San Francisco, you should have an idea of how populated the area is based on the amount of traffic that occurs. Imagine the amount of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere on a daily basis. This drought is just one of the effects of global warming†¦ A drought is defined as a â€Å"period of drier-than-normal conditions that results in water-related problems† (USGS). Water years are counted from October 1 to September 30, meaning we just recently entered a new water year. One of the most well-known and troublesome droughts in the United States is the California Drought. It began in 2011 and is now entering its sixth year of drought in 2016. It is described as the worst drought in 1,200 years California has seen (House Committee). The period of June†¦

Creative Leadership and Management in International Schools Essay

Creative Leadership and Management in International Schools - Essay Example As the report declares creativity requires the application of existing knowledge in new ways, so that enhanced outcomes will result. Creativity is prized because it aids in the creation of value in a knowledge based economy. Creativity is a subjective measure whose outward manifestation is the enhancement of any aspect of an administrative function. Creativity has been defined as the â€Å"ability of a person to be flexible, muster initiative and achieve a goal with what is at hand. According to the discussion findings leadership is not an overnight event, and certainly not an inherited trait. An analysis of the most successful schools in the United States was recently conducted through financial assistance from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which identified the fact that administrators in successful schools share an unrelenting commitment to excellence for all students and have developed a high quality curriculum coupled with strong leadership skills. Therefore, the role of leadership and creativity both appear to be significant factors in contributing to success of schools and may be relevant especially in international schools where creativity will have to be exercised in the development of a curriculum that helps students to interact in a global environment. Leadership is often confused with management, but the factor that assumes importance when considered from the perspective of leadership for international schools, is that of creativity.

Interpersonal Relations in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Interpersonal Relations in Management - Essay Example Creting idel imges of me nd the outer world is wht describes my personlity. I therefore, live in the present, nd reject who I m t the moment while concentrting who I wnt to be. Since it is impossible to rech the idel, I do not perceive the world s it is nd often disppoint in life. I my thus describe myself s nve person, but lso the one who enjoys life nd sees everything in the best colors. My ego-self is constntly judging nd rejecting its rising stte nd trying to fit itself into certin idel. It is not just being where it is nd llowing itself to unfold freely. s result, it does not understnd where it is for it is invested in being somewhere in prticulr, being certin wy, or in stisfying prticulr idel. nd even if this idel is tken from spiritul techings, the sme mechnism of ego ctivity is in opertion. Trpped in the ego-self, I do not trust tht Being myself will tke me where I need to go. 2. Second, nd eqully importnt, is the bility nd willingness to be tem member, plying dily roles in such fshion tht the whole is lwys greter thn the sum of it's prts. It must be recognized nd ccepted tht no tem is ever stronger thn the wekest member, so tht ech member must be ssigned to mke full use of tlents possessed. 3. 3. Third, tht ll individuls re equl nd tht ech nd ever one must fully recognize tht equlity nd with full cceptnce of the other, but tht we re ll humn beings; ech with our own prticulr weknesses nd strengths; so tht in full tem fshion one's strengths re emphsized nd weknesses re minimized. 4. Finlly, there is the mtter of "fir ply" nd honesty in never ending episode tht is lwys dpted to one's dily life nd the conditions tht emerge in specil situtions. Trustworthiness derives lmost solely from honesty nd fir ply, nd it is the most bsic requisite for success in democrcy. Vlues, beliefs nd spirtions Grown-up person is the one with bunch of experience over his/her shoulders who is conscious nd determined of certin principles nd priorities in life nd who hs come to self identity through the pth of mistkes nd often disppointments. person usully becomes more responsible in ctions nd stedy in opinions when becoming prent. Coming up to the comprehension of importnt notions in life which identify one's personlity prent tries to tech the child most of success, freedom, honesty, intimcy or rcism. However, the child due to his/her individul fetures will identify this issues on his/her own; the prent's obligtion is only to outline the understnding of these concepts so tht they would be their unflinching beliefs nd priorities when mking decisions or stnding behind the choice.I remember myself being child nd remember my vision of these issues. It hs gretly chnged s I becme older nd now I would do my best now so tht my child chooses the pth of life giving miss to my mistkes. First I would li ke to give n dvice regrding the perception of Success. ll my life I reched for success nd found myself decent cndidte to

Prejudice in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay examples -- essays rese

â€Å"Prejudice is a great time saver. You can form opinions without having to get the facts.† This quote, once said by E. B. White, excellently states what the novel, Of Mice and Men, is trying to clearly state. Of Mice and Men is a profound novel that has many things to teach society. This novel, written by John Steinbeck, reflects many flaws in the world today. It mirrors many of the characteristics that every human possesses. Prejudice is still a common way of thinking in today’s society, and to the people who feel victimized, it can be hard to overcome. Curley’s wife, Lennie, and Crooks all deal with prejudice against themselves different ways. Curley’s wife is what we in modern day might call a â€Å"tease†, but there is more to her than just looks. The ranch workers do say thinks like, â€Å"well, I think Curley’s married†¦ a tart,† (28). Curley’s wife, who never is given a name, is criticized before she has spoken one word. She is considered â€Å"promiscuous† right off the bat. Although, she is not, the workers on the ranch tend to think that she is attempting to flirt with them. They claim that â€Å"She got the eye†¦ I seen her give Slim the eye.† Curley’s wife only acts this way because she trying to fix the void between her and Curley with someone else. Part of the distance between Curley’s wife and Curley is that his wife does not care for him the way he cares for her. She claims that she â€Å"wasn’t gonna stay no place where [she] couldn’t get nowhere or make something of [her]self, so [she] married Curley,† (88). When she says this, she implies that she settled for Curley when she could have been a huge star. She walks around the ranch telling people â€Å"’I’m to find Curley, Slim.’ ‘Well you ain’t tryin’ very hard. I seen him goin’ in your house’... ...omin’ in, you might just as well, (74). While earlier on in Crook’s life he wasn’t always secluded from the white folks’. He says â€Å"The white kids play at our place, sometimes I went to play with them†¦ My ol’ man didn’t like that. I never understood why, until now,† (70). By saying this, Crooks expresses that he has so much pent up anger from people ridiculing his race. Crooks has almost accepted prejudice as a way of life. Prejudice is a common factor in society today. It is an excuse for people not to get to know someone because they do not feel it is necessary. Of Mice and Men portrays many flaws in society then and now. All three of these characters experience different forms of prejudice and deal with it different ways. In the end, they are secluded from gatherings of ranch workers. This book also brings the timeless phrase â€Å"don’t judge a book by its cover.†

The Mojito is a very well-known Cuban drink

The Mojito is a very well-known Cuban drink, but this was not always the case. There was quite a few years that passed before this drink became what it is today. The ingredients for this great tasting drink are one of a kind and though tweaked a bit over the years, are still the same ones used today. One man that really contributed to the establishment of this amazing drink was Sir Francis Drake. Another famous name that gave this drink some popularity was the writer Ernest Hemingway. This popular drink was discovered decades ago and is still thriving today. The traditional Mojito consists of 5 ingredients: sparkling water, white rum, mint, lime juice, and sugar. The recipe originally from the island of Cuba, most often consists of spearmint or Yerba Buena, a popular mint on the island. The mint and citrus is used in order to reduce the strong kick of the white rum. Due to its sweet taste, the Mojito has become a popular summer drink. When making a Mojito, the mint leaves and sugar are added first followed by the lime juice. After, the leaves must gently be mashed up, but only enough for the oils to be released. The rum is then added and the mixture is stirred in order to lift the leaves and the sugar to dissolve. Last but not least, the drink is then topped with soda water and whole ice cubes to give a better presentation. Some hotels in Havana, Cuba, add Angostura which helps to cut the sweetness the mojito presents. Angostura is a liquid made up of water and 44. 7 % alcohol. A hotel guest in Cuba may have their mojito served with fresh lime instead of lemon. This also can depend on the bartender preparing the drink. There are other ways the mojito can be made in order to give the drink a different taste. Some people say that this drink was invented by the African slaves that worked in the sugar cane fields in Cuba seeing as the name â€Å"Mojito† comes from the African word â€Å"mojo† which means to place a little spell (http://havanajournal. com/culture/entry/cuban-mojito-history-and-recipe/). There are quite a few of these rum-based drinks, but the original is the most popular. Though Cuba is said to be the Mojito’s birthplace, many would debate otherwise. The Mojito has been traced to a 19th century drink known as â€Å"El Draque†, named after Sir Francis Drake (http://iml. ou. ufl. edu/projects/fall12/araujo_J/history. html). The Draque was originally made with sugar, lime, mint, and aguardiente. Aguardiente is a clear alcoholic drink that looks like vodka, but consists of a higher alcohol percentage. It is made in Colombia, and means â€Å"sizzling or fire water†. In older times this drink was used in a medicinal way. They would place the liqu or in a bottle with a dead snake and let it set for a period of time. After some time it was used as a rubbing alcohol for muscle pains. The 1800’s was the turning point for the mojito. Thanks to the establishment of Bacardi in the 1800’s, the popularity of the Mojito sky rocketed. In 1940 Federick Villoch changed this sweet tropical drink’s name from â€Å"El Draque† to the mojito (http://www1. bacardi. com/#/us/en-us/originalmojito/history). While it was not originally called a Mojito, the ingredients used back then are still the same ones used today. One famous man who very much enjoyed this drink was the writer Ernest Hemingway. His love for this drink caused him to write â€Å"My Mojito in La Bodeguita† which translates â€Å"My Daiquiri in the Bodega†. The title of the book came from the bar La Bodeguita del Medio which Hemingway helped make famous. In the bar today you can still see his writings on the walls. The bar was opened in 1942 by Angel Martinez. It was established next to a printing shop which gave the little bar more customers who stopped by for a drink after business. The bar became the new drinking spot and in no time the place was always packed. In 1950, Martinez changed the name from â€Å"La Casa Martinez† to â€Å"La Bodequita del Medio† and has stayed that way ever since (http://bodeguita. om. ua/? page_id=6218&lang=en). The invention of the mojito was not planned, but it did produce a revolutionary product that is still to this day enjoyed worldwide. The ingredients are easy to find and the drink, though meticulous in detail, is well worth the time spent. Many people have contributed to its success, and due to this success the mojito will continue to thrive. This gives just a little hint that this w ell-made drink will continue to have success for many years to come. Works Cited http://bodeguita.com.ua/?page_id=6218&lang=en. (n.d.). http://havanajournal.com/culture/entry/cuban-mojito-history-and-recipe/. (n.d.). http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall12/araujo_J/history.html. (n.d.). http://www1.bacardi.com/#/us/en-us/originalmojito/history. (n.d.).

Virginia State University GPA, SAT Scores ACT Scores